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Veterinary science has proven that chronic stress—manifested through repetitive behaviors like pacing, licking, or hiding—changes physiology. Stress elevates cortisol, which suppresses the immune system, alters gut microbiota, and triggers inflammation. By treating the behavior (e.g., separation anxiety), the veterinarian indirectly treats the recurrent skin infections or idiopathic cystitis.

In modern practice, a change in behavior is often the first indicator of an underlying medical issue. Veterinarians now use behavioral markers to identify: Pain and Distress or hiding—changes physiology. Stress elevates cortisol

Some key areas of research in animal behavior and veterinary science include: which suppresses the immune system

: Welfare is often measured by physical health indicators combined with the frequency of normal versus abnormal behaviors. alters gut microbiota