– Explores intrinsic properties like geodesics, Gaussian and mean curvature, and fundamental results such as Euler’s Theorem Gauss-Bonnet Theorem Unit 3: Fundamental Equations & Tensor Algebra

: Several "B.Sc. Maths Series" catalogs and specific unit chapters (like Unit 1 on Curves in Space) are available for viewing on or university-hosted Archival Access

: Focus on Euler’s Theorem , which identifies the directions in which a surface curves the most and the least.