24 kN/m³ × 2.8 m = 67.2 kN/m² CIRIA 108 pressure: P_max = 7.2 × (3/18) + 18 = 7.2 × 0.167 + 18 = 1.2 + 18 = 19.2 kN/m²
That’s where comes in. Despite being nearly 40 years old, it remains the gold standard guidance for calculating lateral pressure on vertical formwork in the UK and beyond. ciria report 108 concrete pressure on formwork
The formula is elegant, powerful, and—when used correctly—profoundly safe. It recognizes that concrete is not an enemy to be contained, but a material to be understood. 24 kN/m³ × 2
The report provides graphs and empirical relationships to determine this transition depth, typically 1–2 meters for ordinary concrete. Below the setting height, pressure is essentially constant. pressure is essentially constant.