: Welfare standards are shifting from merely avoiding negatives (hunger, pain) to promoting positive welfare , such as the ability to engage in natural, pleasurable behaviors.
: Describe the internationally recognized standards for animal care: Freedom from hunger and thirst. Freedom from discomfort (appropriate environment). Freedom from pain, injury, or disease. Freedom to express normal behavior. Freedom from fear and distress. : Welfare standards are shifting from merely avoiding
The Moral Compass: Navigating the Landscape of Animal Welfare and Rights Freedom from pain, injury, or disease
For example, if a country bans battery cages (welfare), the cost of eggs rises. If the cost of eggs rises, plant-based alternatives become price-competitive. If consumers switch to oat milk and tofu scramble, the total number of hens decreases. Eventually, the industry shrinks to the point where it becomes economically viable to phase out entirely. The Moral Compass: Navigating the Landscape of Animal