David Williams Probability With Martingales Solutions Best < 2025-2027 >
One year the department organized a reading seminar on Brownian motion and stochastic integration. Williams chose problems that tested limits: martingales in continuous time, quadratic variation, and the Itô isometry. He demonstrated a technique he loved—localization—by telling a fable about explorers who map a continent piecemeal, using compact maps to piece together the whole. Students learned to replace global assumptions with local boundedness, then stitch results together. When students encountered a stubborn integral, Williams nudged them toward stopping sequences and dominated convergence, turning an analytic wall into stepping stones.
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Here are the best places to find solutions and deep-dives for Williams’ problems: Williams 'Probability with martingales' E9.2 One year the department organized a reading seminar